DATA TRAVELS (STUDENT'S COMPUTER to ULEARN SYSTEM SERVER)
Application Layer
The protocols for process-to-process communication are stored in the application layer. For typical Internet operation, the protocol specifies the format and control information required.
In this scenario, a student will use the UTeM network infrastructure to access the Ulearn Learning system server. As a result, the learner will be exposed to the website interface. The Applications layer provides this interface, which is the platform that allows students to log onto the Ulearn system server. The Application layer's major goal is to display received data and provide data exchange services to the user. Protocols are used to conduct data transmission and IP traffic traversal. When students try to contact the Ulearn system server, they use HTTP, which is extensively used for data transfer on the Internet.
Presentation Layer
The data transmitted between application layer services is represented in the presentation layer in a general way. This layer will standardize the information sent from the student's computer and, if necessary, perform the encryption process. When the transmission occurs on the Ulearn Learning system server, it will be decrypted. The data is encrypted and decrypted for security purposes. The data is then compressed to lower the number of bits in the information before being passed to the session layer. Compression will aid in the speed and efficiency of data uploading.
Session Layer
The session layer is the fifth layer in the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) paradigm, and it controls connections between various computers. The session layer keeps track of the sessions, which are computer-to-computer conversations. The sessions between native and remote programmes are established, controlled, and ended by this layer. The Zone information Protocol, the AppleTalk Protocol, and hence the Session management Protocol are commonly used to enforce sessions on web browsers. These protocols also handle session recovery via checkpointing and recovery.
The session layer creates methods for checkpointing, adjournment, restart, and termination plus it supports full-duplex and half-duplex operations. In addition, the session layer is in charge of syncing data from various sources. The session layer of the student’s home network is responsible for choosing appropriate protocols to satisfy the application layer’s requests for services. The server will determine whether or not the requested resource is part of the Ulearn system server. It will make an attempt to communicate if the network connection is available. If the network connection is unavailable, the student’s PC will receive an error message. If there is a network connection, the session will be established and data from the student’s computer will be received by the UTeM IT Center. When a student attempts to access Ulearn Online Learning through the UTeM IT Center server, the Ulearn system server will authenticate the user and begin a session. The server will authorize the files that the student requests during this session. The session will be ended once the student has done using the Ulearn Learning System.
Transport Layer
The previous layer’s data is then passed on to the transport layer. The transport layer receives packets from the network layer and separates them down into smaller packets called segments. There are two common transport layer protocols which are, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Data-gram Protocol (UDP). when data is sent over TCP in this situation, it establishes a connection with the Ulearn system server. A packet carrying data and a sequence number will be sent by the device which is the computer.
Network Layer
The next layer is the network layer. The network layer basically does separate the data segments into network packets and then reassemble them on the other end and configure the route for the packets to travel across the physical network and deliver it to the destination using internet protocol on the other end. In this case, the data from the transport layer will be divided into packets before being sent to the Ulearn server, and it will identify the Ulearn address and send the data to the address. After the data arrives, it will reassemble again into one part.
Data Link Layer
Data link layer will established and terminate connection between two node on the network. It will use MAC address on the source and destinations device to communicate. This process occur in Local Area Network. In this case, when the data has arrived to the UTeM’s network, there is a lot of devices connected to the network and to determine which device that the packets belongs to, the data link layer will identify and make an establish connection to send the data in this case, Ulearn system will received the data.
Physical Layer
The last layer is the physical layer. This layer defines physical connection in the local area network if the devices are connected using wired or wireless connection. It will be responsible to transmit the raw data directly to the device with serial 0s and 1s. In this scenario, when the Ulearn’s server computer is connected using wired connection to the network, the data will be transmit in the raw state in binary through the wired connection before the operating system process and translate the data.
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